Square Root Calculator

Calculate square roots, cube roots, and nth roots instantly, and simplify radicals automatically into exact form. A free root calculator for the Pythagorean theorem and distance.

How to Use

  1. Enter a number

    Type the number whose root you want to calculate.

  2. Select root index

    Choose square root (2), cube root (3), or enter a custom root index.

  3. View result

    Click Calculate to see the approximate value and simplified radical form.

What is a square root?

A square root is the value that, when multiplied by itself, produces the original number. For a number x, the value r that satisfies r² = x is the square root of x, written with the √ symbol. For example, the square root of 16 is 4, because multiplying 4 by itself gives 16.

A square root is the inverse of raising a number to a power. Beyond the square root (√), it generalizes to the nth root for any index n, such as the cube root (∛) or the fourth root (∜). Numbers that are the square of an integer, like 4, 9, and 16, are called perfect squares, and their square roots come out to exact integers.

Square roots are widely used to recover lengths and magnitudes, such as finding the hypotenuse with the Pythagorean theorem, computing the distance between two points, calculating standard deviation, or working with physical speed formulas.

Formula

The nth root is defined as a power with the exponent 1/n.

nth root(x) = x^(1/n)

Here, x is the number under the radical and n is the index (2 for a square root, 3 for a cube root). For example, √72 equals 72^(1/2) ≈ 8.485281. Simplified, since 72 = 36 × 2, we get √72 = √36 × √2 = 6√2.

This calculator rounds the result to an integer and raises it back to the nth power; if it matches the original value closely (error below 1e-9), it shows the exact value, otherwise it shows an approximate value to 10 decimal places.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a square root?
A square root is the value that, when squared (multiplied by itself), gives back the original number. For example, √4 = 2 because 2 × 2 = 4. In general, the nth root of x is calculated as x^(1/n).
What is a cube root (∛)?
A cube root is the value that, when multiplied by itself three times, gives the original number. Example: ∛27 = 3 (3 × 3 × 3 = 27). Cube roots are also defined for negative numbers. Example: ∛(-8) = -2.
Can I calculate the square root of a negative number?
In the real number system, even-order roots of negative numbers (such as √(-4)) are undefined. However, odd-order roots (such as ∛(-8) = -2) can be found for negative numbers. Extending to complex numbers, √(-1) = i.
What is the difference between exact and approximate values?
A clean result like √4 = 2 is an exact value, while a non-terminating result like √2 = 1.41421356... is an approximate value. This calculator decides whether a result is exact by rounding it to an integer and checking whether raising it back to the power matches the original number; approximate values are shown to 10 decimal places.
What does it mean to simplify a square root?
Simplifying a square root means reducing it to its smallest form by pulling perfect-square factors out from under the radical, like turning √72 into 6√2. Since 72 = 36 × 2, you take √36 = 6 outside the radical to get 6√2.
Can I compute nth roots?
Yes, you can freely calculate the nth root for any index you like: square root (index 2), cube root (index 3), fourth root (∜), fifth root, and so on. The larger the index n, the closer the result gets to 1.
Where are square roots used?
Square roots are used across many fields: the Pythagorean theorem (finding the hypotenuse of a right triangle), distance calculations (Euclidean distance), statistics (standard deviation), and physics (falling speed, kinetic energy). They appear anywhere the inverse of squaring is needed, such as recovering a side length from an area.
Verified 2026 formulas

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